Open Access

All journals published by our press operate under an open access (OA) model, ensuring that research outputs are freely available to everyone, everywhere. We are committed to advancing scholarly communication by removing barriers to access, encouraging reuse, and supporting the long-term availability of academic knowledge.

Immediate and free access

  • No embargo: All articles are made openly available at the time of publication without any delay.

  • No registration: Readers do not need to create an account or log in to view or download content.

  • Universal availability: Research outputs can be accessed directly through journal websites, search engines, databases, and indexing services.

Rights of use and reuse

  • Free to read and share: Anyone may read, download, copy, distribute, print, or search the full texts of articles.

  • Reuse and adaptation: Content may be reused, remixed, or adapted under the applicable license terms.

  • Attribution required: All reuse must provide appropriate credit to the authors and cite the original source.

Copyright and licensing

  • Author rights: Authors retain copyright to their work; the publisher does not claim ownership.

  • Default license: Articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)license, which allows unrestricted sharing and adaptation for any purpose, provided that proper attribution is given.

  • Third-party materials: Any non-original material included in articles must comply with its own copyright terms and be clearly identified.

Open science and research transparency

  • Data and code sharing: Authors are encouraged to share data, code, and supplementary materials wherever feasible, and to include a “data availability statement” within their article.

  • Reproducibility: We support transparent reporting of methods and analyses to enable independent verification.

  • Preprints: Posting to preprint servers before submission is allowed and does not affect eligibility for publication.

Long-term preservation and sustainability

  • Persistent identifiers: Each article receives a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) to ensure permanent traceability and citation.

  • Archiving: Content is preserved through recognized archiving services such as CLOCKSS, LOCKSS, or Portico, ensuring long-term accessibility.

  • Legal deposit: Publications comply with national library deposit and archiving requirements where applicable.

Discoverability and interoperability

  • Open metadata: Machine-readable metadata is provided in standardized formats (e.g., Crossref, DOAJ) and accessible via OAI-PMH.

  • Open citations: Citation data is shared to strengthen the global scholarly record.

  • Text and data mining (TDM): Articles may be used for text and data mining under the terms of the license and applicable laws.

Equity and inclusiveness

  • Global accessibility: OA ensures that researchers, students, and the public across all regions can engage with scholarly work without restriction.

  • Interdisciplinary collaboration: Removing barriers to access promotes dialogue across disciplines and fosters innovation.

  • Societal impact: Beyond academia, open access makes knowledge available to policymakers, educators, practitioners, and the wider public.

Publishing ethics and corrections

  • Ethical standards: All publications adhere to international standards of publishing ethics (e.g., COPE guidelines) and undergo rigorous peer review.

  • Corrections and retractions: If errors or ethical issues are identified, appropriate corrections, retractions, or notices of concern are issued transparently.

  • Versioning: Any updates or revisions are clearly documented to maintain citation integrity.

Value of open access

  • For authors: Increased visibility, broader readership, and greater citation potential; copyright remains with the author.

  • For readers: Free access to high-quality, peer-reviewed research without technical or financial barriers.

  • For the academic community: Accelerated knowledge exchange and innovation through unrestricted dissemination.